Neurologic Physiology After Removal of Therapy
NeuPART
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PURPOSE
The purpose of the NeuPaRT study is to evaluate the feasibility of using multimodal neuromonitoring, including EEG, transcranial Doppler, and evoked potentials, to assess the timing of brain activity cessation in relation to circulatory arrest during planned withdrawal of life-sustaining measures in the ICU. By capturing synchronized neurophysiological and hemodynamic data, the study aims to improve understanding of brain function at the end of life and support ethically sound practices in organ donation after circulatory determination of death (DCDD).
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PROGRESS
104
140
patients enrolled
(as of Oct. 2025)
3
FUTURE
Findings from this feasibility study will inform the design of a larger multicentre observational trial aimed at validating the temporal relationship between brain activity cessation and circulatory arrest. If successful, this future research could strengthen clinical guidelines for death determination in DCDD, enhance donor protection, and build public trust in organ donation processes. The expanded study will also explore variability across ICU settings, contributing to more consistent and evidence-based end-of-life care.
What is NeuPART?
NeuPART is a multicentre trial aiming to determine when brain function stops compared to when the heart stops by monitoring electrical brain activity in patients who are taken off life support and progress to death in the ICU.
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Why is this important?
In the past, organ donation was only possible after brain death, however, in response to a large need for organs a type of organ donation called "donation after circulatory determination of death" is now being conducted. It occurs when a person who is severely ill, is breathing with the help of a ventilator, and a decision is made to take them off the ventilator. At this time, the family may be asked if they would agree to have their family member become an organ donor. If the family agrees, when the ventilator is removed and the patient's heart stops, 5 minutes after they have been declared dead, their organs are removed and transplanted into other patients who need them.
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What is involved in the study?
During this study the NeuPART team will monitor 2/4 of the following: video-electroencephalogram to measure brain waves (Figure 1.), a transcranial doppler ultrasound to examine the blood flow in the brain (Figure 2.), evoked potentials to measure brainstem function, and event-related potentials to assess the possibility of a conscious experience (Figure 3.).


Figure 1. Video-EEG
Figure 2. Transcranial Doppler


Figure 3. Evoked and Event-Related Potentials
How did we get here?
DePPaRT
Jan 2021
In our international study, we looked at what happens to the heart after life support is withdrawn in critically ill patients. Surprisingly, we found that in about 1 in 7 cases, the heart briefly restarted on its own- even after it had stopped beating. This activity was usually very short and not noticeable without special equipment. While rare, these findings help confirm that current organ donation practices are safe and scientifically sound, and they give us new insight into how the body shuts down at the end of life.
Neuro-DePPaRT
June 2025
In this study, we closely monitored patients in the ICU as life support was withdrawn to better understand how the brain and heart shut down. We found that brain blood flow always stopped before or at the same time as the heart stopped, and brain activity ended shortly after blood flow ceased. These findings support current guidelines for determining death and reassure us that patients are beyond suffering before organ donation begins. Our work also helps address ethical concerns around newer donation practices by showing that brain function has already ended before any interventions take place.
NeuPART
Present
In our ongoing NeuPaRT study, we’re working with ICUs across Canada to better understand what happens in the brain during the dying process after life support is withdrawn. Using advanced brain monitoring tools, we’re measuring brain activity and blood flow in real time to determine exactly when these functions stop in relation to the heart. Our goal is to ensure that current organ donation practices are safe, ethically sound, and based on solid scientific evidence. This research is helping build trust with families, healthcare providers, and the public.
Making Headlines
Publications
2024
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Murphy NB; Shemie SD; Capron A; Truog R; Nakagawa T; Healey A; Gofton T; Bernat JL; Fenton K; Khush K; Schwartz B; Wall SP. Advancing the scientific basis for determining death in controlled organ donation after circulatory determination of death. Transplantation. 2024. In press.
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2023
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Gofton T, Dhanani S, Meade M, Boyd JG, Chamberlain E, Chandler J, Chassé M, Scales NB, Choi YH, D'Aragon F, Debicki D, English S, Fantaneanu TA, Kramer AH, Kromm J, Murphy N, Norton L, Singh J, Smith MJ, Weijer C, Shemie S, Bentall TC, Campbell E, Slessarev M. Neurologic Physiology after Removal of Therapy (NeuPaRT) study: study protocol of a multicentre, prospective, observational, pilot feasibility study of neurophysiology after withdrawal of life-sustaining measures. BMJ Open. 2023 Apr 27;13(4):e073643. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-073643.
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Murphy NB, Hartwick M, Wilson LC, Simpson C, Shemie SD, Torrance S, Chandler JA. Rationale for revisions to the definition of death and criteria for its determination in Canada. Can J Anaesth. 2023 May 2. English. doi: 10.1007/s12630-023-02407-4. Epub ahead of print.
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Murphy NB, Weijer C, Slessarev M, Chandler JA, Gofton T. Implications of the updated Canadian Death Determination Guidelines for organ donation interventions that restore circulation after determination of death by circulatory criteria. Can J Anaesth. 2023 May 2. doi: 10.1007/s12630-023-02413-6. Epub ahead of print.
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Chandler, J.A., Pope, T.M. Legal considerations for the definition of death in the 2023 Canadian Brain-Based Definition of Death Clinical Practice Guideline. Can J Anesth/J Can Anesth (2023). https://doi-org.proxy1.lib.uwo.ca/10.1007/s12630-023-02410-9
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2022
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Gofton, T. E., Norton, L., Laforge, G., Gibson, R., Debicki, D., Althenayan, E., Scales, N., Van Beinum, A., Hornby, L., Shemie, S., Dhanani, S., & Slessarev, M. (2022). Cerebral cortical activity after withdrawal of life-sustaining measures in critically ill patients. American Journal of Transplantation, 22(12), 3120–3129.
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van Beinum A, Murphy N, Weijer C, Gruben V, Sarti A, Hornby L, Dhanani S, Chandler J. Family experiences with non-therapeutic research on dying patients in the intensive care unit. Journal of Medical Ethics 2022; 48(11): 845-851.
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Murphy N, Weijer C. Research bystanders, justice, and the state: Reframing the debate on third-party protections in health research. Bioethics 2022; 36(8): 865-873.
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Murphy N, Weijer C, Debicki D, Laforge G, Norton L, Gofton T, Slessarev M. Ethics of non-therapeutic research on imminently dying patients in the intensive care unit. Journal of Medical Ethics 2022: doi: 10.1136/medethics-2021-107953
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Murphy N, Weijer C, Ganesan L, Gofton T, Slessarev M. Nontherapeutic research with imminently dying and recently deceased study populations: addressing practical and ethical challenges. Canadian Journal of Anesthesia 2023: in press.
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Slessarev M, Gofton T, Shemie SD. Ensuring the permanent cessation of brain function during normothermic regional perfusion. Transplantation 2022; 106(9): 1726-1727.
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Murphy N, Lingard L, Blackstock L, Ott M, Slessarev M, Basmaji J, Brahmania M, Healey A, Shemie S, Skaro A, Wilson L, Weijer C. Protocol for a qualitative pilot study to explore ethical issues and stakeholder trust in the use of normothermic regional perfusion in organ donation in Canada. BMJ Open 2022; 12(9): e067515.
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Murphy N, Weijer C, Chandler J, D'Aragon F, Healey A, Weiss MJ, Slessarev M. Best foot forward: now is the time for Canadian ethical guidance on prospective interventional trials of antemortem interventions in organ donation. Canadian Journal of Anesthesia 2022; 69(10): 1196-1202.
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Murphy N, Allingham D, LeBlanc K, Slessarev M, Ward M, Weijer C. A pressing need for effective, clear, and consistent regulations to facilitate direct contact between donor families and organ-transplant recipients. Canadian Journal of Cardiology 2022; 38(6): 703-704.
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2021
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Murphy N, Weijer C. Grey matter: The problems of incidental findings in neuroimaging research. The Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 2021; 49: 282-284.
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Murphy N, Weijer C, Smith M, Chandler J, Chamberlain E, Gofton T, Slessarev M. Controlled donation after circulatory determination of death: A scoping review of ethical issues, key concepts, and arguments. Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 2021; 49(3): 418-440
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Basmaji J, Weijer C, Skaro A, Healey A, Shemie SD, Slessarev M. Paving the road for the adoption of normothermic regional perfusion in Canada. Critical Care Explorations 2021; 3(11): e0553.
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Murphy NB; Weijer C. Grey matter: The problems of incidental findings in neuroimaging research. The Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics. 2021; 49:282-284.

